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also known as: Cathelicidin LL-37, hCAP-18 C-terminal peptide
Half-life: Minutes in plasma; tissue-bound forms more stable
LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, derived from the hCAP-18 protein. It is a first-line defense peptide in innate immunity, found in neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells. Beyond direct antimicrobial activity, it modulates inflammation, promotes wound healing, and has emerging anticancer properties.
Mechanism of Action
Disrupts bacterial, viral, and fungal membranes through electrostatic interaction with negatively charged lipids. Also modulates Toll-like receptor signaling, stimulates chemotaxis of immune cells, promotes angiogenesis, and activates formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1).
Zasloff et al. and subsequent researchers have confirmed broad antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Role in innate immunity well-established.
Thymosin Alpha 1 modulates adaptive immunity; LL-37 handles innate/antimicrobial defense — comprehensive immune stack.
BPC-157 promotes healing at the tissue level; LL-37 provides antimicrobial protection during wound healing.
KPV reduces inflammatory overshoot from immune activation; LL-37 provides antimicrobial defense — balanced immune stack.
None listed.
Use Thymalin for thymic immune restoration and LL-37 for acute antimicrobial defense in alternating protocols.
Storage
Refrigerate at 2–8°C (36–46°F). Protect from light.
Reconstitution
Reconstitute with bacteriostatic saline. Avoid bacteriostatic water with benzyl alcohol at higher concentrations.