Loading...
Loading...
also known as: Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131, D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2
Half-life: ~4–6 hours (SubQ)
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a cell-permeable, mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that selectively accumulates in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It interacts with cardiolipin — a unique phospholipid essential for mitochondrial electron transport — protecting it from oxidative damage and restoring mitochondrial energy efficiency. It has shown remarkable results in heart failure, aging, and metabolic disease research.
Mechanism of Action
Specifically targets cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane via electrostatic interactions. Prevents cardiolipin peroxidation, maintains cristae structure, optimizes electron transport chain (Complexes I, II, IV) efficiency, reduces mitochondrial ROS production, and restores ATP synthesis capacity.
Szeto et al. (Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics) — foundational SS-31 cardiolipin work. PROGRESS-HF trial showed significant improvement in heart failure patients. MMPOWER trial in mitochondrial myopathy showed functional improvement. Currently in Phase 2/3 for multiple indications.
NAD+ provides the electron carriers; SS-31 protects the membrane through which those electrons flow — the most synergistic mitochondrial combination.
MOTS-C signals mitochondrial biogenesis; SS-31 protects existing mitochondria — grow new and protect old simultaneously.
Cardiogen supports cardiac gene expression; SS-31 protects cardiac mitochondria from energetic failure — comprehensive cardiac aging support.
None listed.
Storage
Refrigerate at 2–8°C (36–46°F). Lyophilized stable at -20°C (-4°F) for years.
Reconstitution
Reconstitute with sterile saline.