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also known as: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, NAD, IV NAD+
Half-life: IV bolus: circulating NAD+ turns over rapidly; intracellular elevation lasts hours to days
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a critical coenzyme found in all living cells, essential for cellular energy production, DNA repair, and sirtuin (longevity gene) activation. Levels decline with age by up to 50%, and this decline is strongly linked to metabolic disease, neurodegeneration, and accelerated aging. IV or SubQ NAD+ provides rapid cell-level replenishment.
Mechanism of Action
Serves as electron carrier in oxidative phosphorylation (ATP production). Required cofactor for sirtuins (SIRT1-7, longevity enzymes), PARP (DNA repair), and CD38 (immune signaling). Raises NAD+/NADH ratio, shifting cells toward repair and longevity gene activation.
Gomes et al. (Cell, 2013) showed NAD+ decline drives aging. Yoshino et al. showed NMN supplementation restores NAD+ in women (Cell Metabolism, 2021). Brenner et al. confirmed oral NR raises blood NAD+. IV NAD+ increasingly used in addiction clinics.
MOTS-C signals AMPK activation that depends on adequate NAD+ levels — directly synergistic.
Epithalon activates telomerase; NAD+ powers the PARP DNA repair enzymes — two hallmarks of aging addressed together.
SS-31 protects mitochondrial membranes; NAD+ fuels mitochondrial electron transport — the top mitochondrial longevity stack.
5-Amino-1MQ prevents NAD+ depletion by inhibiting NNMT; NAD+ directly supplies the pool — complementary NAD boosting.
Dihexa promotes synaptogenesis which is energetically expensive; NAD+ supports the neuronal ATP demand.
None listed.
Use FOX04-DRI to clear senescent cells (which are heavy NAD+ consumers), then replenish NAD+ for surviving healthy cells.
Storage
Refrigerate lyophilized. Use reconstituted immediately or within 24h.
Reconstitution
Dissolve in sterile water or saline. Filter through 0.22 μm for IV use.